نمونه سوالات آزمون های کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات (IT) زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی) امتحانات 94-86 - بخش (2)

IT portfolio management is the application of systematic management to large classes of items managed by enterprise information technology (IT) capabilities. IT portfolios do not always focus on items that can be financially measured. Examples would be planned initiatives, projects, and ongoing IT services (e.g., application support). The promise of IT portfolio management is the quantification of previously mysterious IT efforts, enabling measurement and objective evaluation of investment scenarios. IT portfolio management started with a project-centric bias, but is evolving to include steady-state portfolio entries such as application maintenance and support, which consume the bulk of IT spending. The challenge for including application maintenance and support in portfolios is that IT budgets tend not to track these efforts at a sufficient level of granularity for effective financial tracking. The concept is analogous to financial portfolio management, but there are significant differences between (the two). IT investments are not liquid like stocks and bonds, and require both financial and non-financial measures (e.g., a balanced scorecard approach) to evaluate; a purely financial view is not sufficient. financial portfolio assets typically have consistent measurement information (enabling accurate and obkective comparisons), and this is at the base of the concept`s usefulness in application to IT. However, achieving such universality of measurement is going to take considerable effort in the IT industry. At its most mature, IT portfolio management seeks to account for and direct the entire IT spend, including both innovative new capabilities (which are assessed on criteria such as potential ROI) as well as established systems (which may be assessed as to their contribution to corporate profitability, and also on non-financial criteria such as stability, usability , and technical obsolescence). It is distinct from IT financial management in that it has an explicitly directive, strategic goal in determining what to continue investing in versus what to (divest). IT portfolio management as a systematic discipline is more applicable to the larger IT organizations; in smaller organizations, its concerns might be generalized into IT planning and governance as a whole.