نمونه سوالات آزمون های کارشناسی ارشد تاریخ و فلسفه علم زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی) امتحانات 94-86 - بخش (4)

In Babylonian astronomy, records of the motions of the stars, planets, and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes. Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month. Using these data they developed arithmetical methods to compute the changing length of daylight in the course of the year and to predict the appearances and disappearances of the Moon and planets and eclipses of the Sun and Moon.Only a few astronomers` names are known, such as (that) of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician. Kiddinu`s value for the solar year is in use for today`s calendars.Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." According to the historian A. Aaboe,"all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West-if not indeed all subsequent endeavor in the exact sciences-depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways." Ancient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile River. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thumb were used to build rectilinear structures, and the post and lintel architecture of Egypt. Egypt was also a center of alchemy research for much of the Mediterranean.

In Babylonian astronomy, records of the motions of the stars, planets, and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes. Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month. Using these data they developed arithmetical methods to compute the changing length of daylight in the course of the year and to predict the appearances and disappearances of the Moon and planets and eclipses of the Sun and Moon.Only a few astronomers` names are known, such as (that) of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician. Kiddinu`s value for the solar year is in use for today`s calendars.Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." According to the historian A. Aaboe,"all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West-if not indeed all subsequent endeavor in the exact sciences-depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways." Ancient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile River. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thumb were used to build rectilinear structures, and the post and lintel architecture of Egypt. Egypt was also a center of alchemy research for much of the Mediterranean.

In Babylonian astronomy, records of the motions of the stars, planets, and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes. Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month. Using these data they developed arithmetical methods to compute the changing length of daylight in the course of the year and to predict the appearances and disappearances of the Moon and planets and eclipses of the Sun and Moon.Only a few astronomers` names are known, such as (that) of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician. Kiddinu`s value for the solar year is in use for today`s calendars.Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." According to the historian A. Aaboe,"all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West-if not indeed all subsequent endeavor in the exact sciences-depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways." Ancient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile River. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thumb were used to build rectilinear structures, and the post and lintel architecture of Egypt. Egypt was also a center of alchemy research for much of the Mediterranean.

Vocabulary and Grammar Directions : Choose the number of answer (1) , (2) , (3) ,or (4) that best completes the sentence. Then mark your choice on your answer sheet.

Vocabulary and Grammar Directions : Choose the number of answer (1) , (2) , (3) ,or (4) that best completes the sentence. Then mark your choice on your answer sheet.