نمونه سوالات آزمون های کارشناسی ارشد تاریخ و فلسفه علم زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی) امتحانات 94-86 - بخش (3)

There is comparatively little original philosophy still being written in Sanskrit. Philosophers in India now write in modern Indian Ianguages and in English. Moreover, the advent of scientific thought and of the modern university has altered the Indian intellectual community. Classical philosophy survives mainly in the influences it exerts among its students. Many philosophers, particulary in India , have discovered and championed important philosophic theses of classical Indian thought, and these individuals may eventually bring a global standing to classical Indian philosophy comparable to that of classical Greek philosophy. Prominent 20th-century Indian academics include K .C. Bhattacharrya, professor of philosophy at the University of Calcutta and the teacher of many important succeeding philosophers; T,M,p. Mahadevan, professor of philosophy at the University of Madras and the author of several books on classical Advaita Vedanta ; and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former President of India,Vice chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (1939-1948) , and chancellor of Delhi University (1953- 1962) , who was known for his deft compaeisons between Western and India thought.

There is comparatively little original philosophy still being written in Sanskrit. Philosophers in India now write in modern Indian Ianguages and in English. Moreover, the advent of scientific thought and of the modern university has altered the Indian intellectual community. Classical philosophy survives mainly in the influences it exerts among its students. Many philosophers, particulary in India , have discovered and championed important philosophic theses of classical Indian thought, and these individuals may eventually bring a global standing to classical Indian philosophy comparable to that of classical Greek philosophy. Prominent 20th-century Indian academics include K .C. Bhattacharrya, professor of philosophy at the University of Calcutta and the teacher of many important succeeding philosophers; T,M,p. Mahadevan, professor of philosophy at the University of Madras and the author of several books on classical Advaita Vedanta ; and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former President of India,Vice chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (1939-1948) , and chancellor of Delhi University (1953- 1962) , who was known for his deft compaeisons between Western and India thought.

There is comparatively little original philosophy still being written in Sanskrit. Philosophers in India now write in modern Indian Ianguages and in English. Moreover, the advent of scientific thought and of the modern university has altered the Indian intellectual community. Classical philosophy survives mainly in the influences it exerts among its students. Many philosophers, particulary in India , have discovered and championed important philosophic theses of classical Indian thought, and these individuals may eventually bring a global standing to classical Indian philosophy comparable to that of classical Greek philosophy. Prominent 20th-century Indian academics include K .C. Bhattacharrya, professor of philosophy at the University of Calcutta and the teacher of many important succeeding philosophers; T,M,p. Mahadevan, professor of philosophy at the University of Madras and the author of several books on classical Advaita Vedanta ; and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the former President of India,Vice chancellor of Banaras Hindu University (1939-1948) , and chancellor of Delhi University (1953- 1962) , who was known for his deft compaeisons between Western and India thought.

In the two centuries that followed Aristotle’s death in 322 BC, Greek philosophers made remarkable progress in a number of fields. By comparing the Sun’s height above the horizon in two different place, the mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Eratosthenes calculated Earth’s circumference, producing a figure accurate to within 1 percent. Another celebrate Greek mathematician, Archimedes, Iaid the foundations of mechanics. He also pioneered the science of hydrostatic, the study of the behavior of fluids at rest. In the life sciences, Theophrastus founded the science of botany, providing detailed and vivid descriptions of a wide variety of plant species as well as investigating the germination process in seeds. By the 1st century BC, Roman power was growing and Greek influence had begun to wane. During this period, the Egyption geographer and astronomer Ptolemy charted the known planet and stars putting Earth firmly at the center of the universe, and Galen, a physician of Greek origin, wrote important works on anatomy and ohysiology. Although skilled soldiers, Iawyers, engineers, and administrator, the Romans had little interest in basic science. As a result, scientific growth made little advancement in the days of the Roman Empire. In Athens, the lyceum and Academy were closed in AD 529, bringing the first flowering of rationalism to an end.

In the two centuries that followed Aristotle’s death in 322 BC, Greek philosophers made remarkable progress in a number of fields. By comparing the Sun’s height above the horizon in two different place, the mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Eratosthenes calculated Earth’s circumference, producing a figure accurate to within 1 percent. Another celebrate Greek mathematician, Archimedes, Iaid the foundations of mechanics. He also pioneered the science of hydrostatic, the study of the behavior of fluids at rest. In the life sciences, Theophrastus founded the science of botany, providing detailed and vivid descriptions of a wide variety of plant species as well as investigating the germination process in seeds. By the 1st century BC, Roman power was growing and Greek influence had begun to wane. During this period, the Egyption geographer and astronomer Ptolemy charted the known planet and stars putting Earth firmly at the center of the universe, and Galen, a physician of Greek origin, wrote important works on anatomy and ohysiology. Although skilled soldiers, Iawyers, engineers, and administrator, the Romans had little interest in basic science. As a result, scientific growth made little advancement in the days of the Roman Empire. In Athens, the lyceum and Academy were closed in AD 529, bringing the first flowering of rationalism to an end.