نمونه سوالات آزمون های کارشناسی ارشد روان شناسی متون روان شناسی به انگلیسی سال 1400

Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following six passages and answer the questions by choosing the best choicc (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark the correct choice on your answer sheet. PASSAGE 1: Virtually every child, the world over, plays. The drive to play is so intense that children will do so in any circumstances, for instance when they have no real toys. or when parents do not actively encourage the behavior. In the eyes of a young child, running, pretending and building are fun. Researchers and cducators know that these playful activities benelit the development of the whole child across social, cognitive. physical, and emotional domains. Indeed, play is such an instrumental component to healthy child development that the United Nations High Coininission on Human Rights (1989) recognized play as a fundamental right of every child.Yet, while experts continue to expound a powerful argument for the importance of play in children`s lives, the actual time children spend playing continues to decrcasc. Today, children play cight hours less cach week than their counterparts did two decades ago (Elkind 2008). Under pressure of rising academic standards, play is being replaced by test preparation in kindergartens and grade schools, and parents who aim are to "toys"are the path to success. Our society has created a false dichotomy between play and learning Through play, children learn to regulate their behavior, lay the foundations for later learning in science and mathematics, figure out the complex negotiations of social relationships, build a repertoire of creative problem-solving skills, and so much more. There is also an important role for adults in guiding children through playful learning opportunities.