نمونه سوالات آزمون های کارشناسی ارشد حقوق متون حقوق به زبان (انگلیسی، فرانسه) امتحانات 96

Amendment needs always to be thought about seriosly when drafing and negotiating a treaty ; afterwards is just too late. Although ameding a bilateral treaty causes no great technical difficulty , ameding a multilateral treaty can rise a multitude of problems. It may have as many as 150 or more parties and be of unlimited duration. These factors lead to two basiec problems.First the process of agreeing amendments and then bringing them into force for all the parties can be even more difficult thannegotiating and bringing into force the orginal treaty . Seacondly, because of their long life, multilateral treaties are often in need of amendment. Before the second World War, treaty amendment usually required unanimity. This is generally still the rule for the constituent traties of regional international organizations like the Council of Europe and the European Union . But in other cases a practice has developed by which anamendment enters into force only for thouse parties willing to accept it. This means that the orginal reaty still remains in force (1) as between the parties that do not accept the amendments and(2) between thouse parties and the parties that do accept them. This results in a dual treaty regime. This highly unsatisfactory result is made much worse when there is a series of amendingtreaties.