نمونه سوالات آزمون های کارشناسی ارشد الهیات و معارف اسلامی (فلسفه و کلام) زبان عمومی و تخصصی (انگلیسی) امتحانات 94-86 - بخش (1)

Ramadān has nevertheless the character of a festival: a substantial and elaborate meal at the conclusion of each day is a time for family and community gatherings; the local authorities are likely to decorate the streets with lights and ornaments; and at the end of the month there is the `īd al-Fitr in (which )the faithful gather together for prayer, new clothes are worn, and money and presents are given to children. The zakāt al-Fitr , a small amount of money used for charitable purposes, is also contributed at this time. During Ramadān, gatherings for extra prayer are often held at the mosque at night. The Laylat al-Qadr or Night of Power said to occur sometime in the last ten davs of Ramadān - on which it is believed that the Qur`ān was sent down to Muhammad and events are determined for the coming year - may also be commemorated, for instance by retiring to the mosque with one`s fellow Muslims for extra devotions. Various local customs are connected with Ramadān. In Egypt the children carry elaborately decorated lin lamps from door to door, asking gifts of money or sweets. In Middle Eastern countries a cannon is sounded to signal the end of the day`s fast, sometimes broadcast by radio.

Boyd is producing a film documentary that will present Randall`s biography -------1-------- his poetry. Randall served as generaI editor of the Press ----2------ 1965 to 1977.In the mid-eventies, printing costs and the closing of many small bookstores -----3----- he had extended credit -----4---- the Press in financial straits. Boyd hopes her documentary on Randall ------5-----more people to African American literature.

The dates mentioned for the birth, marriage, and death of Fatima vary in different sources. Several Sunni sources mention her birth happening in the same year as the reconstruction of Kaaba (five years before Muhammad receiving the revelation), while most Shi`a sources mention five years after the declaration of the prophethood. Some sources have even mentioned her birth on at the same year of revelation. This places Fatima`s birth sometime between 606 to 615 CE. When she attained the age of puberty, it became necessary for her to marry someone. who would appreciate her status and the perfection and maturity of her virtues: someone who would know the real value and virtue of a human being. When she became eligible many men including `Abu Bakr and Umar asked for her hand in marriage. But Muhammad said, "I am waiting for the revelation in this connection." The revelation came and Fatima`s husband was nominated. God ordered Muhammad, "Oh my prophet-get the light (Noor) married to the light i.e., get Fatima married with Ali." When Ali ibn Abi Talib approached Muhammad to request thehand of Fatima in marriage, although he had nothing with him from the wealth of the world, yet he possessed a gem, which was the reflection of everything including piety and human nobility.